Which event marked the first formation of Marine battalions?

The correct answer is the resolution of the Continental Congress, as this event directly led to the establishment of Marine battalions. In November 1775, the Continental Congress passed a resolution to create the Continental Marines, which was the formal formation of Marine units intended for specialized naval and amphibious operations. This resolution was pivotal in recognizing the need for a distinct military force that could effectively operate on both land and sea, and it laid the groundwork for what would become the United States Marine Corps.

This specific formation of battalions stemmed from the Congress's understanding of the evolving nature of warfare during the American Revolutionary War. It was an essential step in building organized military units that could support the naval operations and the continental army.

While the other options, such as a naval battle, the signing of the Declaration of Independence, or the establishment of the Army, are significant historical events, they do not directly correlate with the formal acknowledgment and creation of Marine battalions. The establishment of Marine battalions specifically resulted from Congressional action, emphasizing the strategic importance of Marines within the broader tactics employed during the war.